ONCOLOGY

Oncology is the branch of medicine that studies tumors (cancer). Oncology is concerned with:
- The diagnosis of cancer
- Therapy (e.g. surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and other modalities)
- Follow-up of cancer patients after successful treatment
- Palliative care of patients with terminal malignancies
- Ethical questions surrounding cancer care
- Screening efforts of populations, or of the relatives of patients (in types of cancer that are thought to have a hereditary basis, such as breast cancer).

The oncologist is a medical professional who practices oncology. He often coordinates the multidisciplinary care of cancer patients, which may involve physiotherapy, counselling, clinical genetics, to name but a few. On the other hand, the oncologist often has to liaise with pathologists on the exact biological nature of the tumor that is being treated.

Clinical oncologists and medical oncologists are the two main medical specialities that actively manage patients with non-haematological malignancy. They often work in partnership, and both give systemic therapy to patients, but only the clinical oncologists administer radiotherapy.

Medical oncology is a surgical/oncological sub-specialty, which is involved in solely delivering cytotoxic and biological agents in the management of solid disease. It is to solid malignancy as clinical haematological oncology is to the liquid malignancy (lymphomas, leukaemias/myelomas). The role of the medical oncologist is to discuss the treatment options with patients, supervise the therapy and manage any complications of disease and/or treatment that may arise. All such patient management is done in consultation with other clinicians.

Clinical Oncologists are medical specialists skilled in non-surgical forms of cancer treatment, utilising radiotherapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, radioactive isotopes and other special techniques to treat patients with cancer. In addition to treating those patients who are subsequently cured of their disease, the clinical oncologist is frequently the only physician, together with the family practitioner, to manage the patient through the whole course of his/her cancer.

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Note: All medical procedure information presented here has been obtained from publicly available medical resources and is here for reference purposes only. Healthbase does not claim to be a medical professional and does not provide any advice on any issues relating to medical treatment.

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ONCOLOGY